Cord tire fabric and method of making the same



Oct. 13, l925- R. B. RESPESS Y' CORD TIRE FABRIC ANUMETI-IODv OF MAKING THE SAME Filed July 19.*1920 3 Sheets-Sheet l Oct. 13, 1925- R. B. RESPESS com) TIRE FABRIC AND METHOD oF MAKING THE SAME 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 wuc/wtofc yfm Oct. 13, l925- R. B. REsPEss CORD TIRE FABRICVAND METHOD OF MAKING T'IE SAME Filed July 19. 1926 s sheets-sheet s 'metan oa. 13, 1sa s. 4 y

UNITED yS/TIATES PATENTFFICB l lnomma n.y nEsrEss, or Naw Yonx, N. --Y., Assmnon, BY nssrenm'rs, 'ro nnsrno INc., or -camsrom mona Ismnn, A oonrom'rxox ornaomi: im.

conn 'rma mnnrclmn muon orme 'rnnfsmn Application mea my 1e, leso; semina. 391,451,

To all whom 'uit may concem: f Be it known that I,- ROLAND B.- I'tnsrnss, citizen of the United States, and resident of 'the borough of' Manhattan, city of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Cord Tire 'Fabric and Method of Making the Same,

of which the following isa'\specitication.

This invention relates to tire vfabrics and the method of making the same. The subject matter of this invention is an improvement of my patent application for unwoven fabric and the process for making the same, filed March '13th, 1919, Serial Number 282,501,

and of my'patent application -for fabric and' tion is to construct new tire fabric of threads or cordssimilar to that which is .known in the trade as cord tires. The-latter are composed of layers of cords or threads with theends thereof anchored around beads in the edges or rims of the casings, with one set or layer of cords or threads running from one side of the. tire at an angle over the crown of the core in practically straight .line directions to the other side of the tire,

and the next adjacent set or layer of cords or threads run from one side of the: tire in practicall astraight line direction and at right ang es to the dirst set or layer of cords or threads. The difference between my in 'vention and the above described cord tire f consists inlocating the cords or threads of ISO one .set or layer to run from one side of the casing 1n practically'a semi-circular, semi oval or semi sp1ral form over the crown of the 'casing to the other side of the sainey where the end of each cord or thread is set in the edge or bead opposite to the point from which they beginfwit h' the nextsuca fabric which when used for a tire casing, the strains on the fabric are greatly reduced to obtain great 4strength and resiliency for the casing. In contemplating the said invention I take -into consideration the fact that the strength and resiliency of a-.casing depends. upon the disposition of the fibers of its fabric. These fibers are Atwisted to make a cord or thread and in so doing the fibers are brought nnder unequal strains. The strength of the individual fiber is weakened by the tortional strain thereinand when the cords or threads are subjected to tension, the fibers which` bear the greatest tortional strain snapand thereby weaken the entire structure. This is especially true when the cords or. threads are bent'at lsharp angles under tension and which fact'is recognized by tire makers. The improvements lin tire making of recent years lie chiefly in eliminating the bending strain .which occurs in woven fabric, by constructing tires of cords or threads which arenot woven.

Y The factors of weakness in the woven type of tire casings are the bending strains on the fibers in weavin the fabric, the' increased tortional strain on the fibers when the woven cords or threads are brought un- -der tension and the directv tensional strain produced by placing the cords or threads inA the casing in a practically straight direction. The improvement in the ordinary 'cord type of casin nation of the bending Strain contained in the weave, but the erally straight direction of the cords or t reads gf the woven type 'is retained in the cord casing and the torover the woven type is'the elimi-wv tional strain on `the individual bers come into action quickly undera blow.

In my invention-1 place the cords or threads 1n a manner, that `it. is dlicult for any strain to be brought on the individal bers, and while I do not contend vthat I entirely-.eliminate the bending, tension and tortional strains I do reduce their effect to the extent that at Strength and flexibility is secured for tilee fabric infmy casing. In a. casing made of my fabric I entirely eliminatethe straightline direction of the cords or threads from one side of the tire over the crown to the other sideofzthe easing, and in my construction the bending of lany individual cord or thread does not usually occur-1 at right angles to the length of any cord or thread and I therefore vreduce the tortional strain on the individual ibers result ing from such bending.

To distinctly bring out the' novel'features of the invention a few diagrammatic drawings, in addition to the drawings exemplifying the casing and its method of manufacture, are represented hereinto indicate the nature of the casings heretofore constructed.

Fig. 1 represents a plan view of a fabric used in the woven type of an inner casing for tire shoes; Fig. 2 shows a plan View,y of a cord fabric for inner tire casings; Fig'. 3 is a plan view of sections of woven fabric joined to make a tirecasing; Fig. 4 represents a plan view 3f sections of Va cord fabric joined to constitute a tire casing; Fig. 5 shows a cross section of a tire casing for shoes made of my fabric; Fig. 6 represents a plan of a cord tire casing flattened out, as heretofore constructed; Fig. 7 shows a plan view of a' cord tire casing made of my fabric flattened out; Fig. 8 represents a top plan view of `a cord tire casing of my fabric; Fig. 9 shows a plan View of apparatus to produce the new cord or thread casing; Fig. 10 shows a section of Fig. 9 on the line 10, 10; and Fig. llis a section of Fig. 10 on the line 11, 11.

In Fig. 1 a woven fabric is shown to consist ofthe longitudinal warp threads 20 and the horizontal filler threads 21. numeral 22 indicates the directions in which 'the fabric is cut on the bias to receive suitable sections 23, to construct an inner casing for a tire. The selvedges are indicated at 25. In Fig. 2 a cord fabric is indicated with the longitudinal warp threads 28, and the horizontal ller threads 29, that are generally woven about one half inch apart so as to be easily broken, 'and are only intended to maintain the warp threads '28 in parallel directions when rubberized. The filler threads 29 enable the operator to handle cut sections, when cut as indicated on the lines 30, to form the sections 31 used in buildin a tire casing. The selvedges of this cor fabric are shown at 33. Fig. 3 shows a plan view of the sections 23 of Fig. 1 of woven fabric which have been -rubberized and in which the selvedges 25 are shown adjacent to each other.

Fi 4 shows a plan view of the sections 31 o the cord fabric which have been rubberized with the selvedges 33 adjacent to each other. l

In Fig. 5 a cord tire casing of my fabric is indicated in its entirety by the numeral 35, andthe beads of thefcasing are shown at 36.

` Fig. 6 which shows a planview of a c`ord tire casing A,- flattened out and as usually constructed. It' consists of a series of cords or threads 40 that make right angles with an adjacent series of cords or threads 50. The

cords 40 start at 41 on one edge of thecasing The nssasae and run diagonally across the crown thereof to its other edge and terminate at 42. @The of the casing cords 50 start at 51 on one ed and run diagonally across t casing over the crown to its other edge and terminate at 52, crossing the cords 40 at about ri ht shown by the small circle 55, land instantly thereafter affects the remainin cords to vstrains in circular wave line directions as other edge and terminate at 62. Cords 70L start at 71 at one edge of the casing, extend over the crown thereof in semi-circle, semioval or semi-spiral directions to the other edge of the casing 'and terminate at 72.

Circles 65 and 66 theoretically represent the effect of a blow on the crown of the casing B. It is evident that a blow on the crown of the casing B would have the tendency toswing the cords 60 and 70 on their end portions 61,

62 and 71, 72. This produces a cushion of said cords and casing. Great resiliency is obtained with this improved construction,

by reason of the fact that the effect of a blow on the casing tends to Hatten its loops' of cords or threads. The air pressure in the inner tube of the tire cushions the blow, so the strain on the fabric comprising my improved casing will be chiefly from the inward pressure of the air, equally distributed within the entire inner tube and thecasing.

In Fig. 8 a casing is shown with my fabgic and in which the cords 60 and 70 upon which the strength' of the structure depends run in two directions, but differs from woven fabric in the directions that the cords or threads take. The twov opposing series of cords or threads com e a laminated double sheet instead of a woven sheet. My cord fabric for the casings differs from both woven and cord fabrics in that it is not required to be cut on the-bias for `the casing. It is made of any desired width in rolls of any required length and may be placed around the core of a tire in a continuous piece, with as man layers ofthe double sheets of fabric as esired. The two series of cords are held together by a rubber comusual manner.

In making an inner tire casing for a shoe or wheel of [myr fabric, no new or radical departure from present methods of tire manuimy i raarste facture is r ured. My cord fabric is a sheet of material to be used in the same manner as any rubberized sheet fabric 'is used in tire construction. It may be used in themanner` described in my atent application -for unws'ovenl fabric and t e process for ma the same, tiled March 13th, 1919, Serial p Number 282,501 or in my patent application for .fabric and process for `makmg the same, 4filed June 20th, `1919, Serial Number 305,595, or in the manner described herein,

or by any similar method to' arrive atAv the same result. My cord fabric may sibly be constructed ona form with a tire ooping machine.

Referring to Figs. 9 and 11,` pressure calender rolls 81, 82, 83 and 84 are l.disposed one over the other'with their axes in the same vertical plane.

y 97. 'lhe latter are supported on the platform 88. A spool 98 with the flanges 99 is snpported on the axle 95.V A square axle 103 has formed at .itsv lends the journals 104.

Journal brackets 105 supported on the platform 88 have journaled thereinthe journals 104. A spool 108 'with the [flanges 109 is I supported on the axle 103. A bracket 112v are supported Dupon and fastened to theV with the threaded sleeve 113 is supported upon the' platform 88. Journal brackets 115 at their. lower ends are fastened to the platform 88 by means ofthe bolts 116 and their upper ends are fastened. to the l sleeve 113 by rneans of the bolts 117. A guide roller119 is journaled vin the u per portions otthe brackets 115. Jurnal rackets 120 platform 88 and at their upper ends have journaled Itherein the guide roller 121. A tube has a threaded end 126 which is in engagement with the threaded sleeve 113 of the bracket 112. The other end 127 of the tube is shaped ftethe curvature o1 the rolls 82 and 83: A rtionoit'the Wall of the tube 125 is provided with an opening.

with a hinged coverl 128 conforming to the curvature ot the tube.

tube.

@penings 130 are formed in the upper portion et the tube 125 and openings 131 are formed in thelower portion. o1 said enings 132 areormed in the central portion, of the tube 125. llers 133 are located in the openings 130 and are supported on pivots 134 journaled in the Wall of the. tube 125. Rollers 135v are located in the openings 131 and are Y.supported on pivots 136 journaled in the wall of the tube 125. Rollers 137 are located in-the open-p ings 132 and are supported on the pivots not shown journaled in the Wall of the tube 125. A guide roller 138 is supported on pivots 139 which are journaled 1n the apex of the tube 125. Conveyer belts 143 are supported on the rollers 133, conveyer belts 144 are supported on the rollers 135 and conveyer belts 145 are supported on the rollers 137. .The belts 143 contact with the roll 82 and the belts 144 contact with the roll 83. Journal brackets 146 are fastened to the sleeve 113 and have journaled therein thespools 147.

pair of brackets 150 are located ond A` opposite sides of the' tube 125 and abracket .151 is located below said tube. Each of the brackets 150 and 151 has fastened thereto' a supporting block 152 which in turn has fastened thereto a roller bearing block 153.

End rollers 154 and side rollers 155 are journaled in the blocks 153. Af circular loom frame is indicated in its entirety by the letter E. It has formed in its circumerential surface the annularring 158 which bears against the rollers' 154 and 155, `and teeth 159 are formed in one edge of .its rim which -mesh with a spur gear not shown.

At the opposite edge ofv the loom frame E there'are formed a plurality of openings 160 and over said openings is secured a spool tramell which has journaled therein a plurality of spindles 162 that carry spools 163.

To carry out the steps of vthe process a lgum rubber compound is introduced between the rolls 81, 82 and a similar rubber compound 171 is introduced between the rolls 83 and 84. With the rotation ot the rollsla thin lrn or sheet of rubber 172 is carried on the roll 82 and a thin iilmfor. sheet of rubber 173 is carried on the-roll 83. Rubberized threads or cords 175 are carried on the spools 163 of. the circular loo'm-frame E. 'lhe cords 175 are rubberized by being run through a bath of rubber cement. l'l`he`solvent of the cement is then evaporated leaving the cords or threads with an adhesive coating. The windings of the cords or 'threads on the tube 125 are started by means otradetachable circulareomb or reed.` The cords ory threads 175 are threaded' in the comb or reed, and the loom trame E is turned .to properlyv start them around the tube 125.v The comb or reed is then removed. Spoo1s147 are arranged substantially in the horizontal lane ot the bite o1 the rollers 82, 83. These. spools are Wound with the rubberized cords or strands 176 which are carried forwardly in paralleli.v

relation and between the rollers 82 vand 83. 'lhese cords or strands 176 constitute warp 'isc . or selvage members which define the lateral edges of the com leted fabric.

If desired the i)abric as completed is provided witha rubber core. This core is provided by mountiig a thin sheet of vrubber upon a flexible Lonveyer belt 180 which is initially wound upon the spool 108 and which extends axially through the tube 125,

' the strands 175 in parallel relation upon the outer surface of the tube 125 to'form a compound helix, the several spires of which are substantially in contact with each other. This helix engages the outer runs of the endless belts 143 and 144 and is thus Aprogressively moved toward the rollers 82 and 83. As the successive spires of the helix approach the rollers their upper and lower portions successivelyl come into contact respectively with the thin sheets or films of rubber carried by the rollers 82 and 83 re spectively.l This contact of the upper and lower portions of each spire with the respective rollers causes each spire to be bent substantially in the horizontal plane of the selvage cords and this bending continues until the upper and lower portions of the spires are brought into planes substantially parallel with that of the se-lvage cords. These portions of the spire form substantially semi-circular bights, which project in opposite directions. The upper vand lower series of bights thus formed are carried onward between ,the rollers 82 and 83 and are thereby embedded lin the opposite sidesof the entrally disposed rubber sheet. At the v time the iihns of rubber carried by the rollers 82 and 83 are pressed against the A remote surfaces ofthe two-series of bights and the several parts are thus formed into an integral structure.

I-Iavin described my invention what I claim an vdesire to secure by Letters Patent tions of each spire ofthe helix tocause them to 11e in planes substantially parallel to that of the sheet of rubber, and pressing such portions into said sheet.

3. That ymethod of making unwoven tire fabric comprising winding a plurality of strands to form a com ound helix, passing a sheet of rubber axial y through the helix, introducing a warp strand into the helix at either edge of the rubber sheet and substantially inthe plane ofthe latter, bending each spire of the helix to cause its opposite portions to lie substantially parallel to and upon opposite sides of the rubber sheet, and pressing such portions of the helix into the rubber sheet.

4. That method of making an unwoven tire fabric comprising interwinding a plurality of rubberized strands to form a compound helix, passing a sheet of rubber axially through the helix, bending each spire of the helix to cause its o posite'portions to lie substantially parallelJ sheet and upon opposite sides of the latter, bringing sheets of rubber into contact with the remote surface of such opposite portions of each spire of the helix, and pressing the several parts to form an integral structure.

to the rubber 5. That method of making an unwoven tire fabric comprising progressively interwind-V jecting the several parts to pressure to formv an integral structure.

6. An unwoven tire fabric comprising two superposed series of substantially semi-circular bights of a continuous strand and a layer of sheet material interposed between the two series.

7. An unwoven tire fabric comprising a plurality of strands each disposed f-fto form two series of curved bights, and a sheet of rubber inter osed between 'said series and having the bights embedded therein.

l8. An unwoven tire fabric comprising a sheet of rubber, a selvage or warp strand adjacent to each longitudinal edge of the sheet and in the plane of the latter, and`a series of strands each comprising two series of curved bights, the two series being disposed upon opposite sides of the sheet of rubber and the bights of. eachseries lying in' planes substantially parallel to the plane ofthe rubber sheet.v

9. An unwoven tire fabric comprising a plurality of rubberizedestrands each coml sheets of rubber engaging and united to the remote surfaces of the respective series of bights.

11. An unwoven tire fabric comprising'av sheet of rubber, a selvage of warp strand adjacent to each lon "tudinal edge of the sheet, a` series of ru berized strands each comprisingtwo series of substantia11y-semi circular blghts disposed upon opposite sides respectively of the sheet, the ends of each big t engaging the respective selvage strands l and the Intermediate portions of the several bights extending longitudinally of the fabric, and a sheet of rubber covering the remote faces of the two seriesof bights.

12. That method of making unwoven tire fabric comprising windin a series of strands to form a com oun helix', passing a sheet of rubberi akia y through the helix,

parts to vand, State of New York this turning opposite ortions of each spire of the helix to cause t em to liein contact with opposite surfaces respectively of the rubber sheet, bringing a second sheet of rubber into contact with the outer surface ofthe portions of the spires contacting withone side of the first sheet, and subjecting the several pressure to form an integral structure. ,e

13. An unwoven tire fabric comprising a plurality of strands each comprising two series of curved bights, the bights of the two series lying in parallel planes, a sheet of rubber interposed betweenthe inner faces of the bi hts of the respective series, and a sheet of rubber overlying the outer faces of the bights of one of said series, the several parts being united to form `a unitary structure.,

l14e. An unwoven tire fabric a sheet of rubber, a lurality of rubberized strands each dispose to formjtwo series of 'semi-circular Vbights, the bights of the respective seriesv being embedded in the opposite faces of the rubber sheet, and a sheet comprising of rubber overlying and incorporated with the outer face of the bi hts of one series.

Si ned`at the boroug of-Manhattan, city of Ngew York, in the county of New York 9th .day of July A. D. v1920. Y

ROLAND B.KRESPESS. 

